Planning For IVF: What To Expect And How To Prepare

In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) has become a lifeline for many couples dreaming of parenthood, offering an alternative path for those facing fertility challenges. This need is particularly urgent in India, where the fertility rate has plummeted from 6.2 in 1950 to under 2 in 2021. Projections suggest it could fall to as low as 1.29 by 2050. According to a study in The Lancet, this trend is mirrored across many nations with 155 out of 204 countries expected to be below the replacement fertility level by 2050, and with over 95% of the world’s countries likely facing low fertility rates by 2100.

In this landscape, IVF stands as a potential solution, bringing hope to those struggling with fertility, yet it also demands careful preparation and realistic expectations for the best possible experience. 

Here’s an overview of the IVF process and how individuals can prepare for this journey to parenthood.

Understanding IVF: A Lab-Based Approach to Fertility

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a sophisticated medical procedure designed to assist individuals and couples facing challenges in conceiving a child. At its core, IVF involves the fertilisation of an egg by sperm outside the body, in a controlled laboratory environment. Once fertilisation occurs and the embryo develops, it is then transferred surgically into the uterus, where it can grow into a healthy pregnancy.

A typical IVF cycle lasts between two to three weeks, but this timeline can vary based on individual medical circumstances and the specific protocols employed by the fertility clinic.  

Navigating the IVF Process: What to Expect

The journey through in vitro fertilisation (IVF) is intricate, encompassing multiple stages that require careful monitoring and precision. Understanding the process can help individuals prepare for the emotional and physical journey ahead.

Here’s a detailed overview of the key steps involved in the IVF process:

Egg Collection

The IVF process begins with egg collection, typically performed under anaesthesia in a quick procedure lasting about 30 minutes. Using advanced ultrasound technology, the clinician employs a fine needle to extract fluid from the ovarian follicles that appear mature. This fluid is then analysed to retrieve the eggs, which are vital for fertilisation.

Sperm Collection

Clinicians may use freshly donated sperm or frozen samples that have been previously stored from donors. The choice between fresh or frozen sperm depends on various factors, including timing and availability.

Fertilisation Process

In the lab, the retrieved eggs and sperm are placed in a dish, allowing natural fertilization. If there are concerns regarding sperm quality or motility, a procedure known as IntraCytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) may be employed. In ICSI, a single sperm is directly injected into an egg to enhance the chances of successful fertilisation.

Embryo Development and Transfer

Following successful fertilisation, the eggs develop into embryos, which are monitored for 5 to 6 days in a controlled laboratory environment. Once embryos reach an appropriate stage of development, the healthiest one or two are selected for transfer into the uterus. This transfer is performed using a catheter in a quick, minimally invasive procedure.

Blood Test for Pregnancy Confirmation

Approximately two weeks post-embryo transfer, a blood test is conducted to measure levels of the Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) hormone. The presence of HCG indicates a successful pregnancy, while a lack of this hormone may suggest otherwise.

Preparing for the IVF Journey

Embarking on an IVF journey is a significant commitment that can be both physically and emotionally demanding. The path to parenthood may not always be straightforward, and it’s natural for individuals to feel overwhelmed, especially if treatment cycles do not yield immediate results. Establishing a strong emotional support system comprising family, friends, and professional counsellors can be invaluable in navigating the ups and downs of this experience.

Considering the financial implications of IVF is also important. Quality IVF facilities often come with higher costs, reflecting the use of advanced technologies and comprehensive support services.

Despite the complexities and challenges of IVF, the prospect of a healthy pregnancy remains a powerful motivator. Thorough planning, open communication with fertility specialists, and a focus on self-care can help individuals navigate this journey with confidence and hope. Embracing the possibility of new beginnings is essential, as every step taken brings one closer to the dream of parenthood.

Authored by Dr. Sudipto Chatterjee, Clinical Pharmacologist & Head of Medical Affairs Merck India