From Hymns To Modern Bhajans, Tracing Legacy Of Women In Vedic Music

The Vedic era, a remarkable period in ancient Indian history from around 1500 BCE to 500 BCE, is renowned for its spiritual depth, philosophical richness, and cultural dynamism. Among its many treasures, the contributions of women to Vedic music stand out as particularly unique and influential. This article invites you to explore the captivating realm of women in Vedic music, tracing their remarkable legacies from ancient times to the present.

Ancient Roots

The Vedic texts, composed in a sophisticated blend of prose and poetry, serve not only as sacred scriptures but also as archives of musical heritage. Women were revered as key figures in the preservation and transmission of these musical traditions. Their contributions were not merely passive; they actively shaped the sonic landscape of their time.

Women Seers and Musicians

Among the most distinguished figures in Vedic history is Lopamudra, a sage and hymn composer from the Rigveda. As the wife of the sage Agastya, she composed hymns that emphasised the significance of knowledge, spirituality, and marital devotion. Another remarkable woman, Ghosha, expressed her longing and devotion through two poignant hymns in the Rigveda. Her compositions reflect a profound understanding of musical structure and emotional depth, showcasing the vital role of women in Vedic musical traditions.

Divine Feminine and the Essence of Sound

In Vedic philosophy, the concept of Nada Brahma suggests that the universe is fundamentally composed of sound vibrations. This primordial sound is often personified as feminine, with the goddess Vak, symbolising speech and divine knowledge, holding a central place in Vedic thought. The Rigveda’s verses celebrate her as the embodiment of cosmic sound, illustrating the intertwined nature of femininity and musical expression.

Rishikas

Contrary to the notion that Vedic hymns were solely the domain of men, numerous hymns are attributed to women seers, or Rishikas. For instance, Lopamudra’s hymn (Rigveda 1.179) boldly expresses her aspirations and spiritual desires, highlighting the active role of women in the creation of Vedic knowledge:

"Many years have made me weary, O son of Kushika. Let your glory be honored. The morning light purifies all this world."

This and other hymns by Rishikas like Ghosha and Vishvavara reveal that women were not just passive recipients of tradition; they were vital contributors to the Vedic corpus.

The Celestial Muse

No exploration of women in Vedic music is complete without the mention of Saraswati, the revered goddess of knowledge and the arts. The Rigveda paints her as a source of inspiration and creativity, urging devotees to seek her blessings for wisdom and artistic expression. The invocation to Saraswati encapsulates the reverence for music and knowledge that permeated Vedic culture.

Guardians of Sacred Arts

In the post-Vedic era, the Devadasi system emerged as a vital institution for preserving sacred music and dance. These women, dedicated to temple service, were highly educated in scriptures, music, and dance, embodying divine artistic expression. While the system later faced challenges and misunderstandings, its roots in honouring women as custodians of culture remain significant.

Celebrating Women and Music

The Puranas, a later genre of ancient Indian literature, are rich with stories of women who excelled in music and devotion. The tale of Shyama and Savitri, who participated in a musical contest, highlights the spiritual essence of Vedic music. Shyama's enchanting voice and Savitri's heartfelt devotional hymns illustrate the diverse contributions of women in musical traditions.

The Bhakti Movement

The Bhakti movement, beginning in the 6th century CE, marked a resurgence of women's participation in devotional music. Poets like Meera Bai and Andal composed soulful bhajans that resonate with audiences today, transcending societal barriers. Meera Bai’s heartfelt expressions of devotion continue to inspire, showcasing the enduring legacy of women in music.

Reviving Vedic Traditions

In modern times, the legacy of women in Vedic music remains vibrant. Artists like Anuradha Paudwal and Bombay Jayashri weave ancient traditions into contemporary forms, bringing Vedic chants to a global audience. Their work not only honours the past but also creates new pathways for the appreciation of this rich musical heritage.

Celebration of Divine Expression

The journey of women in Vedic music is a testament to their resilience and profound contributions to India’s cultural and spiritual tapestry. From the ancient hymns of Lopamudra and Gargi to the contemporary creations of modern artists, the legacy of Vedic music continues to thrive, enriched by the voices of women who illuminate this sacred art form.

Let us cherish and celebrate these remarkable contributions, recognising that in the words of the Atharvaveda, “woman became the divine word.” This profound truth encapsulates the timeless power of women in Vedic tradition, not just as custodians of knowledge and music but as the very embodiment of divine expression.

Views expressed by the author are their own